MEDICAL HEALTH AND COLD WEATHER

Working in cold weather can have a greater impact on people with underlying health issues. Those people who take certain medications, are in poor physical condition or suffer from illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure) or cardiovascular disease may be at increased risk during cold weather exposure.

INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE

For people with hypertension, colder weather can increase their blood pressure to levels higher than normal. Cold weather narrows blood vessels, leaving less room for blood flow which, in turn, raises blood pressure. The heart must pump harder to circulate blood through constricted blood vessels. As a result, your blood pressure and heart rate increase. Higher-than-normal blood pressure and increased heart rate can potentially lead to a heart attack.

CAFFEINE USE AND COLD TEMPERATURES

Blood pressure can go up significantly after caffeine use because it can block a hormone that keeps our arteries open wide. The blood vessels supplying blood to the brain can narrow as much as 27% after caffeine intake. Together, caffeine and cold temperatures can put those with underlying heart issues at greater risk.

MEDICAL CONDITIONS AFFECTED BY PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO COLD TEMPERATURES

Excessive cold stresses the body, causing it to release hormones such as adrenalin and cortisol. Cortisol, the hormone released into the bloodstream during stressful situations, helps regulate the body’s sugar, salt and fluid levels. Elevated cortisol over the long term produces glucose, leading to increased blood sugar levels. For those with diabetes, this can be dangerous.

GENERAL GUIDELINES

  • Reduce caffeine intake if you are being treated for hypertension or other cardiovascular issues.
  • Be aware of possible medical complications with your medications while you’re working in cold weather.
  • Dress in layers and keep your head and hands covered.
  • Keep extra gloves, hats and jackets available.
  • Take frequent breaks in a warm, dry area.
  • If someone shows signs of cold-related stress or injuries, get them to warmth immediately.

Download a printable PDF and recording form here.

Members can download the audio version of this toolbox talk here.

WINTER TEMPERATURE INJURIES – HYPOTHERMIA

It is important to recognize how winter weather can affect working conditions and produce cold weather-related hazards resulting in an injury.

HYPOTHERMIA

Hypothermia is brought on by extended exposure to very cold temperatures. When your body loses heat faster than it can produce it, your temperature can drop to abnormally low levels. This lowered body temperature can affect your brain and your ability to think clearly or move well.

What makes hypothermia especially dangerous is that a person may not know it’s happening and won’t be able to do anything about it.

Severe hypothermia can cause an irregular heartbeat leading to heart failure and death.

WARNINGS SIGNS OF HYPOTHERMIA

  • Shivering.
  • Exhaustion.
  • Confusion.
  • Fumbling hands.
  • Memory loss.
  • Slurred speech.
  • Drowsiness.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

  • Move the person into a warm room or shelter.
  • Remove wet clothing.
  • Warm the center of the person’s body (chest, neck, head and groin).
  • Encourage the person to drink something warm.
  • Find medical help as soon as possible.

Download a printable PDF and recording form here.

Members can download the audio version of this toolbox talk here.